My Favourite Quotation About Love Essay

â€Å"By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus. †Hearing these words, can you guess who she is? Yes, that is Mother Teresa and my fovourite quotation about love is just from her â€Å"not all of us can do great things, but we can do small things with great love. † Mother Teresa had devoted her whole life to minister to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying mainly in poor areas of India and other countries. From the photo we can see that Mother Teresa is a very thin and weak woman with a small face full of wrinkles like an old and dry trunk of the tree. However, it is she who received 1979 nobel peace prize but refused the conventional ceremonial banquet given to laureates, and asked that the $192,000 funds be given to the poor in India. It is she who was named 18 times in the yearly Gallup’s most admired man and woman poll? as one of the ten women around the world that Americans admired most. How can a skinny woman like her managed to do those things? I have been thinking for a long time, the answer lies in the quotation â€Å"do small things with great love†. As we all know, not everyone was born with a silver spoon in his mouth, so we have the ability to donate a large amount of money to charities; not everyone can reach the top position like president or chairman that can decide the life and death of millions of people; not everyone can be the hero that salve the world from disasters. We are just ordinary people with an ordinary life, usually timid not courageous, thoughtful but not determined, kind but afraid to show it, but it dose not mean we are not important, because everything matters if is done with great love even it is very small. The quotation of Mother Teresa tells us the very truth, that is, help and love the people around you , even the favor is so small but the great love behind it is priceless, and this love can grow and be passed to every corner of the world. I would like to tell you a story of Zhang Shuangbin,the writer of a book called the women in wartime, which is a research report of the sex slaves caught by the Japanese army during the second world war in ShanXi Province. Mr. Zhang is a teacher in a small primary school of countryside in ShanXi. In 1980s he accidently met an old women collecting earheads in filed and was deeply moved by her story. That woman is the first war victim from mainland China who accused Japanese army of sex violence during the wartime. What you do not know is that it took Mr.  Zhang 10 years to persuade the old woman to speak out the truth to the whole world, because those women are usually ashamed to talk about the life as a comfort woman . In order to look for those witness and victim alive, he went to hundreds of mountains and villages and surveyed thousands of women, and has written 100 thousands of reports, providing valid evidence for suing Japanese government. After reading his book, I am not only shocked by the nasty and brutal thing done to those poor women but also impressed by Mr.  Zhang’s determination and persistence. Then I finally contacted with Mr. Zhang through QQ, and he told me that there are many old women living in poor condition in rural area, because they have been raped by Japanese and nobody wanted to marry them. As a result, they have no offspring to take care of. Suddenly I came up with an idea that I should translate the book into English to let the people of the world know the truth and look for help globally, because â€Å"not all of us can do great things, but we can do small things with great love. If everyone helps those poor women a little bit, the drop of love will come together into river and then ocean. Love the people around you, help the people in need, do not underestimate your help because the love behind it is great. The story of Mr, Zhang is true. He and those war victims still need your help. Not all of us can do great things, but we can do small things with great love. If you want to help, please contact me.

And The Band Played On Essay

And The Band Played On, is a movie which tells the story of the beginning of AIDS (HIV disease). In the movie we are able to see first-hand the scientific and political aspect of the disease, as well as a few stories of those who died from the disease. Right from the beginning of the movie, it can be inferred that Don Francis is a passionate man, and was greatly changed by his visit to Africa. Therefore, the passion with which he works to figure out how AIDS (HIV disease) works, is nothing unexpected. And the ways in which he spreads his passion, for example when his outburst in the meeting with the blood bank industry leaders, shows again how much he truly cares. My personal opinion about his outburst is that he was right to speak up, to speak the truth, to speak exactly what needed to be said. While it was not very diplomatic of him to shout at them, Don is just such a passionate person that he could not contain himself. After the outbreak, Jim told him that his little outburst had cost the CDC credibility and made them seem childish, which I can understand where he is coming from, as Jim was in charge of the political aspect of everything that came from the CDC. For Jim this probably caused him many problems, but regardless of a ny consequences, what Don said was true. The blood banks were too focused on making money and not about the care for their patients, they wanted to play the numbers game, claiming that the cost was too high and would only save a small number of people. Don realized what was happening and called them out on it, to the point of humiliation almost. The American governments stand on the issue of HIV/AIDS was honestly stupid as can be. While the disease was strictly in gay men, they felt no need to be involved. And when it did begin to spread to hemophiliacs, iv drug users, and anyone who received a blood transfusion with infected blood, they still sat on their butts and refused to move. They acted out of fear, making HIV/AIDS out to be something you could contract just by being near someone who had it. Furthermore, the government and many others including some churches, viewed this as simply a moral issue. There were people claiming that this was God’s  way of punishing these people for their inappropriate lifestyle. Because of this, the fact that disease began in only gay men, and the media termed it gay related immune deficiency, government simply felt no push to do anything. The only way for things to change was for other people besides gay men to get infected, or for straight people to speak up. Well of course people other than gay men began to become infected so they had to do something. I firmly believe that had this disease either begun in heterosexuals or affected heterosexuals and homosexuals at the same rate, that the strides made to learn about the disease would have been doubled, even tripled. Government would have poured money into research on the disease, without even thinking about it because they would have been afraid of becoming infected themselves. When it first began, America thought it to be a gay only disease, that no one else could get it. But anyone can become infected. My favorite character in the movie was without a doubt Don Francis. Just the way we see him evolve and change, from Africa to the CDC, and the fact that it seems the audience is the only one who knows exactly what Don saw in Africa and how much it haunts him. I think that is why he works so hard, he doesn’t want to be too late, like he was in Africa. His passion for his work encourages me and I hope to have the same passion for my work one day. A character that I did not like so much was Robert Gallo. As an actor I believe Alan Alda was excellent, but the character he portrays makes my blood run cold from the moment he was introduced. Had it not been for him, HIV/AIDS research would have been so much faster, but because Gallo was more concerned about the profits and credit from the discovery of the virus, things were not as quick. Perhaps the reason Gallo cared more for money and was not as passionate about saving these people is because he, unlike Don Francis, did not have a life-changing moment in the story. Don saw the damage done by the ebola virus and therefore more than anything did not want to see the AIDS virus (HIV disease) become the same thing. References: Schulman, A. S. (Writer) (1993). And the band played on [DVD].

A Crude Awakening to a Ceaseless Dependency in Oil

Crude Oil: It penetrates investor's mind and is increasingly contributing to their fatal dependence. Crude oil: Although it is low cost, it costs money in terms of war, loss of life, and social, social and economic confusion. Crude Oil: We are trying to own Black Gold. What was the beginning of a new traditional product is now a support system for all people. It creates a fantasy that completely changes life, a life without work, a free life, which is the spirit of anesthesia, a vague vision, a source of corruption. Quality in the sea One barrel of crude oil is a hard asset. Even if you are not in the oil industry, you can exchange the oil barrel in the market and exchange goods. However, the value of crude oil is not essential. Hundreds of years ago, before the invention of an engine that could use oil as a fuel, the value of crude oil was zero. One day, if the solar energy becomes cheap enough, the value of crude oil may approach zero again. At the same time, fluctuations in crude oil prices are influenced by current supply-demand situation and prediction of future supply-demand situation. Crude oil, commonly referred to as petroleum, is a liquid on the earth, composed of hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and small amounts of metal. Hydrocarbon is usually the main component of crude oil, its composition varies depending on the type of crude oil and extraction method, but it varies between 50% and 97%. Organic compounds such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur normally make up 6% to 10% of the crude oil and metals such as copper, nickel, vanadium and iron account for less than 1% of the total composition. Crude oil is the most common petroleum product in spilled oil. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and small amounts of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and minor amounts of inorganic and organometallic compounds. There are three kinds of hydrocarbons, alkane, alkene, and aromatic. Low concentrations of alkanes can cause anesthesia and anesthesia as well as hi gh concentrations of cell damage and death in marine invertebrates. Olefins are usually not included in crude oil, but are included in refined products such as gasoline. Gasoline is more toxic than alkane, but it is less toxic than aromatic. Aromatic hydrocarbons are not common in nature, but they kill marine organisms not only at maximum intensity but also at dilute concentrations. Aromatic hydrocarbons are the most direct toxic component in oils (Boesch, Hershmer et al., 1974).

Reflectivity & appearance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflectivity & appearance - Research Paper Example It comes in two forms. One is the cosmetics approach with is also known as aesthetics. This is the surgery that is based on improving certain body parts and features or changing some parts of the body. This is because we want those parts to look the way we want them to look, (CNN, 1999). It’s for beauty and general outlook. The second kind of plastic surgery is the reconstructive surgery which is done to restore some part of the body that has been damaged, (Soueid, 2012). This might have been occasioned by some occurrences like burns, bone fractures and other complicated problems. The reason why a person would want a damaged part of the body to be repaired is to enhance their looks and productivity, (Hettiaratchy & Griffiths, 2011). Personal appearance and productivity are not strange bedfellows. This is because good looks enhance a confident personality, (CNN, 1999). There are occasions that a deformation becomes extreme enough to destroy the personal confidence or even the s elf image. The main reason for a reconstructive surgery is to repair or even correct the problem of a certain malfunctioning part of the body, (Hettiaratchy & Griffiths, 2011). The aim here is to make the part work normally. This happens so that the normal working conditions of a person can be restored, (Siemionow & Klein, 2010). The personality of a person can be affected when some part of the body are not working normally. This is especially so if part of the body is publicly situated, (Stone, 2006). If the correction of the body leads to an improved self esteem, then it can be argued that it improves the personality and confidence. Personality confidence and improved appearance go hand in hand, (Soueid, 2012). Plastic surgeries are not related or even connected to the use of polymers or plastics or synthetics. When a patient undergoes the plastic surgery procedures, they are likely to have some psychological benefits, (Hettiaratchy & Griffiths, 2011). It must be noted that the is sue of personality is completely mental. It therefore, becomes important to correct it using the perception of within the patients mind, (CNN, 1999). Plastic surgery procedure improves the self confidence and esteem, (Siemionow & Klein, 2010). This is because the new looks give those people confidence which is translated into how they relate with other people. Personal confidence is rarely about how other people view it. This is possibly why some people are strongly against it while others are form it, (Rinzler, 2009). The nature of plastic surgery is that it’s supposed to inspire confidence. It addresses the needs of people with a certain need for which they cannot take medicine or fix it in any other way. The people who go for this procedure obtain the desires they aim at. This leads to more comfort while dealing with others. This then, becomes a social factor that is positive, (Papel, 2009). Correcting mark from the face can cause a person to perform better. This also make s those who go for the plastic surgery procedure happier and more comfortable. Personality and individual productivity go hand in hand, (Hettiaratchy & Griffiths, 2011). Few people plan to undergo a plastic surgery; however it becomes hard to put up with a mulled image in case a misfortune happens, (Gunn, 2010). This is because we have a strong attachment to looks and appearance. Plastic surgery has some side effects. People opt to put up with the side effects rather than a damaged skin or body part. This who

Financial Resources Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial Resources - Research Proposal Example Every company as a mandatory requirement by government prepares the auditor's report. This report satisfies the company's various stakeholders i.e., government, investors, lenders, suppliers and a general reader of financial statements that the company's annual report has been prepared fairly. Both the companies' auditor report gives a true and fair view of the company's performance. The profit and loss statement is important for the stakeholders interested in reviewing the financial performance of the company over the year. Caf Nero Plc's profit and loss statement is much well defined showing profit than that of Coffee Republic Plc showing loss for the period. It is of importance to the stakeholders who are interested in the financial position of the company for a particular point in time. Caf Nero Plc's balance sheet show an increasing net worth of the company, while the balance sheet of Coffee Republic Plc shows a declining net worth of the company. This statement shows the company's position in terms of cash availability. Cafe Nero Plc's cash flow statement shows an increase in total cash available in the company, whereas the Coffee Republic Plc's cash flow statement shows a severe decrease in cash for the year 2005. The notes provide an insight into the company's financial position and performance by showing breakdowns of facts and figures stated in its financial statements. ... Although, there has been a practice for the companies listed in the London Stock Market, but the companies under consideration has no such trend. None of the company has included an operating and financial review statement in its annual report. Hence, their relevance cannot be figured out in terms of providing information to the companies' stakeholders. 3- CAF NERO PLC - FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION The financial performance of Caf Nero Plc has been analysed with the help of financial ratios on the basis of data obtained from the company's annual report for the year 2005, 2004 and 2003. PERFORMANCE 2005 2004 2003 Return on Capital Employed 13.31% 7.16% 4.14% According to this ratio, the return generated by the company on the capital employed by the company has been increasing for the three years. It was 4.14% in 2003 and increased to 13.31% in the year 2005. This shows that the company has been performing well over the years to generate return on the capital it has employed by the company. 2005 2004 2003 Return on Equity 31.37% 23.93% 6.29% The return generated by the company on the funds invested by shareholders has also been increasing over the years. The company generated 6.29% return on its equity in the year 2003, which increased to 31.37% in 2005. This exhibits brilliant performance on the part of the company's management. PROFITABILITY 2005 2004 2003 Net Profit Margin 8.57% 4.66% 2.90% This ratio shows that the company has been getting more and more profit for the last three years on its sales after accounting for various costs such as cost of sales, operating costs etc. This ratio has almost quadrupled over just three years, showing a remarkable

Integrated Communication Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Integrated Communication Marketing - Assignment Example The most influencing method is the one that converts potential customer to an actual customer (Castronovo and Huang). Event based marketing is the method that has influenced most on the purchasing decision. The reason is attention gained by the sellers and also the right customers being targeted through the well designed events. The method is though costly as compared to other ones but is accurate. The methods that are very common, spamming and random are least influencing methods (Castronovo and Huang). Such methods include email marketing which does not necessarily target the potential customers and the people usually ignore such marketing messages. More than the method, the designed message and the way render it most or least influencing. Mobile marketing influenced once resulting in purchase decision. The message was about the internet package being offered by the marketing personnel. However it was a random message but hit the head’s nail. At another instance at a sports event, the message regarding soccer kit resulted in purchase

Technology and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technology and Business - Essay Example Moreover, the corporation is also taking into account the possibility of offering free internet access with food purchases. (Mullins 2001, p.120) In addition to this, the company is introducing BT Openzone WiFi hotspots into 561 drive-thru stores, fixed-line internet terminals from Datavision, and adapted web- based games for children. According to the organization, the drive-thru and service station restaurants are extremely popular with their business customers on the move. On the other hand, the hotspots allows the businessmen to check their mail, access the internet and download presentations while having something to eat and drink.(Mullins 2001, p.78) The introduction of wireless office environment that uses Symbol access points and 128-bit security encryption to improve hot-desking facilities for workers moving from site to site has slashed support costs as the organization doesn't have to spend 20 minutes reconfiguring laptops to the office environment. ( Davis 1998, p.105) The introduction of queue-busting wireless ordering devices into 500 restaurants is also paying dividends in that it has minimized customers queuing times, increase drive-thru sales by five per cent thus 82 per cent of the customers believe that it has improved. (Thompson 2002, p. 95) Outsourcing and automating Mc Donald... (Greenberg 2003, p. 130) The implementation of wireless network by the replacement of laptops and mobile phones of 225 managers to XDA smart phones has enabled the organization to integrate devices and business processes to make better use of its restaurant and office-based wireless networks. (Thompson 2002, p. 98) Moreover, by implementing the strategy of revenue sharing partnerships and advertising deals with its internet service providers and equipment providers, Mc Mc Donald is also evaluating chip- and-PIN payment cards readers for its UK branch network. (Mullins 2001, p. 65) Donald's results have been encouraging since they have nine percent customers using payment cards. (Davis 1997, p. 115) By using ADSL broadband connections to authorize transactions, McDonald's has been able to decrease the time to process card expenditure from thirty seconds to just four. (Greenberg 2003, p. 95) Impact of technology on Communication Photography has evolved from the darkroom to the computer lab, thus most photojournalists use digital camera instead of film. This makes photo editing programs such as Photoshop a must in the industry. On the other hand, abuse of technology has resulted in some manipulated and faked images being passed off by the media as truth. (Davis 1997, p.95) Impact of technology on Change management This has enabled organizations to acquire the right steps to appreciate, anticipate, and embrace corporate change through attacking the accessible employee mindset, harnessing incentive, and shaping behaviour. (Mullins 20001, p.88) Impact of technology on Network Mc Donald's U.S. received a supplier of the year's award that had an impact on the McDonald's System,

IT Project Management Approaches Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IT Project Management Approaches - Coursework Example It narrows down from the above two and looks at some of the specific applications in the information Technology field by looking at the Software development life cycle approach that is part of the traditional approach. It goes further in the agile approach to look at specific applications of the approach to the field of information technology. The paper also compares the two approaches by looking at their strengths and weaknesses and the type of projects to which they can be used/ applied and why they will or will not work. 1. The traditional/phased approach to project management The traditional approach to project management involves very well-organized and deliberate planning and control methods. In this approach there are distinct project life cycle stages or phases which are easily recognizable as one leads directly to another. Tasks are completed in in an orderly sequence, one after the other and this necessitates that a significant part of the entire project is planned before t he process begins (Hass, 2007,pp1-8). This model assumes that all events affecting the entire project are predictable and that the tools and the tasks undertaken by each individual are well understood. With this approach it assumes that once a phase is complete it will not be revisited, which is not the case for many projects especially IT projects. This model is forms the basis for the phased methodology used in many projects. The approach has taken many dimensions especially in the field of information technology with various sub models coming up from this traditional/phased model (Hass, 2007,pp1-8). The advantage of this approach is that it sets out the phases for development and stresses the importance of requirements for each stage. On the other hand the limitation is that projects rarely follow the sequential flow and many stakeholders find it difficult to define all the requirements for a project at the beginning(Hass, 2007,pp1-8). The approach has the following distinct stag es: initiation, planning and design, execution and construction, monitoring and controlling systems and finally the completion stage. It is important to note that not all projects will go through all the stages mentioned above some may be terminated before they get to the completion stage. 1.1. The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) In information technology projects, this phased approach can be compared to the software development life cycle approach (SDLC). This approach is composed of the following distinct stages that must be followed to come up with working software: planning, requirements definition, design, development, integration and testing and finally installation and acceptance (Radack, 2009, pp1-7). The planning stage aims at establishing a bird’s eye view of the proposed software product and uses this to form the basic project organization, assess feasibility and risks associated with the project and define suitable management and technical approaches. The m ost critical part concerning this stage is the listing of goals of the project and this is done before anything else (Radack, 2009, pp1-7). The requirement definition stage begins immediately the goals in the planning stage are identified. Each of these goals is then refined into a set of requirements which define the major functions of the proposed application and also define the initial data entities.

Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Response Paper - Essay Example In this worrisome scenario, the news published in the Daily Mail that 100,000 jobs would be created by Britain's programme of building new nuclear power stations (Mcghie, Mail Online, 12th March 2011) should have brought immense cheer. But it does not do so. On the contrary, the subject is highly debatable. In the nuclear sector, it is both expensive and time consuming to train professionals with the right skills. Only a long-term approach could achieve this. However, in the Budget 2011, according to experts, the chancellor has not fully addressed the issue of skills development which is an important facilitator of growth in enterprise (Recruiter, 24 March 2011). Effective policies to reduce unemployment invariably need to encourage the employability of the workforce so that the unemployed possess the right skills to avail of the new job opportunities. Also, a sustained period of economic growth is required to create new jobs, especially in the energy sector. Experience has shown tha t a growing economy creates fresh jobs and provides employment opportunities for the unemployed people. For instance, the period from 1993-2001 which saw sustained economic growth in the UK also was a period of significant increase in employment levels. Therefore, in the current period of low economic growth in the UK, the claims made by Areva, the world's biggest reactor maker which is building four reactors for Electricite de France (EDF), two in Hinckley Point, Somerset, and two in Sizewell, Suffolk, and reported in the Daily Mail as referred above, of creation of substantial numbers of jobs does not sound true. Furthermore, Areva also predicts that British companies will be responsible for 80 per cent of the manufacturing work. But, in reality, due to non-availability of suitably trained personnel within the country, engineering and manufacturing organisations are often dependent on skilled hands brought in from overseas. Efforts made now to spot and train the right talent will only start to provide the feedstock for the nuclear community 10 to 15 years hence. Besides, the time frame needed to plan, build and commission a new nuclear power generating facility is about 20 to 30 years. This is a much-too-long period to create jobs to fight current unemployment in Britain. According to BBC News, â€Å"Nuclear power stations currently generate 20% of UK electricity but they are nearly all facing decommission† (23 January 2006). Which means that within the next 10 years, possibly only about 80% of the total electric power needed will be produced. According to EDF, the two proposed nuclear power plants at Hinkley Point C would be capable of supplying enough electricity for around five million homes. During construction, each new nuclear plant potentially provides an average of 1,400 to 1,800 jobs (the number is much higher during peak construction). And, once they are operational, the new power stations would support around 900 permanent direct jobs besid es many more indirect jobs. The permanent jobs are all highly skilled jobs consisting of reactor operators, radiation protection specialists, and nuclear, mechanical and electrical engineers (Nuclear Enery Institute, 2010). The important point to be noted is that the â€Å"demand is for people with the right skills to support both the construction and operation of the new generation of nuclear power stati

Theory Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory Synthesis - Essay Example For instance, in this paper, we focus on the postulation that there exists a gap in practice theories where nurses show partiality in the manner they treat outpatients as compared to the manner of treating the patients who are admitted. Introduction The study in the theoretical structures that govern nursing practices reveal that nurses care for patients holistically (patients as well as their family members) more when they are admitted than when they are on the outpatient setting. Therefore, there is the need to breech the gap in the holistic care of outpatients in order to restore effectiveness and efficiencies in the nursing profession. All patients, regardless of being admitted or treated under outpatient settings rely on the nursing services as advanced by the nursing practitioners. The nursing profession on the other hand has been shown to rely on the theoretical frameworks in order to actualize the effective delivery of caring services to patients. Therefore, nursing theories complement the nursing practice in servicing patients. From the previous literature review, a gap is established between the nursing practice and theory and this forms the basis of this paper. Synthesize the knowledge gained in the area you studied during this course The study of the interrelationship between theoretical and practical aspects in the nursing profession has revealed a lot of incites which form the basis of this paper. Among other features noted, nursing is purely a scientific discipline whose success wholly depends on the proper adoption and application of scientific theories (Swanson, 1991; Risjord, nd ). Scientific theories are frameworks that have been in application over decades in explaining scientific phenomena and are testable and universally accepted. Nursing as a profession is therefore based on scientific research and hence runs under the guidance of such defined theoretical frameworks. However, research studies have been used to reveal that there exists som e gap between the existing theories and the actual practice by the nursing professionals. In often times, the inpatients enjoy higher attention and improved care by the nurses as compared to the patients receiving care in the outpatient department. This gap shows that there is inadequacy in the existing theories to guide the nursing professionals in attending to needs of patients; both at the customized care set up within hospitals inpatient programs as well as at the outpatient departments. We therefore note that there is great need to breach the gap existing between practice and the nursing theories. Our particular attention will be on breaching this gap by proposing and evaluating the provisions of a theory that addresses a patient as an entity, the family and community from which the patient hails as well as the nurse as most critical component in the recovery process. Though there lacks particular theories to address the disparity between nursing practices towards inpatients as and outpatients, there are some theoretical formulations which holistically empowers nurses to play a critical role in recovery process of patients; both admitted and the outpatients. Propose a component of a theoretical framework that addresses a gap following the theory development procedure you learned It is worth noting that the formulation of theories

Purhsing Paper Can Be Fun Essay Example for Free

Purhsing Paper Can Be Fun Essay Question: What Performance problems is the captain trying to correct. Ans: 1 Poor Reporting Performance among the employees. Question: Use the MARS model of individual behavior and performance to diagnose the possible causes of the unacceptable behavior. Ans: 2 Possible causes for the unacceptable behavior is as follows: MARS Model: There are four main factors that directly influence an employee’s voluntary behavior and resulting performance. Employee Motivation: There was no clear motivation for employees to do their job perfectly as required. Motivation does not mean only financial motivation; people are motivated not only with money but also with an appreciation by the leaders of the company is enough to motivate them and pump in the force required to do the job with intensity. Captain must have set some goals which on achieving, the employees get recognition through an appreciation letter at least from the higher ranked personnel in the organization, keeping in mind that he was under the budget crunch which limited him in motivating employees by rewarding them financially. Ability: Analyzing the employees based on their capabilities was one of the cause. You will find some people whose interest is in doing the office work, captain should have recognize the skills and knowledge and segregate the work within depending on their capabilities. Coaching was also missing by the captain. Role Perceptions: They were aware about the consequences for inadequately doing the reporting as they were having issues when the case reached the court. Captain should have given them priorities from their various responsibilities by explaining them that the what matters is the quality of the work and not quantity. This would have helped them to improve. Situational Factors: As captain explained they set-up the team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the leaders were not committed and none of them were receiving any type of rewards for winning the competition. Leadership is responsible for the well-being of the employee in the company so they need to be committed. Question: Has the captain considered all the possible solutions to the problem? IF not what else might be done? Ans: NO What else can be done is as follows: 1. Task related trainings should be provided to strengthen the capabilities of the employees. 2. Improved Employee Engagement should be done, by recognizing the best employees, rewarding them which will boost their moral and they will feel that they are an integral part of the team. He can set-up a mechanism, like Employee of the Month Award and can display it in the office. 3. Coaching is also an important aspect of the leader, as a leader he should coach his team as and when required.

Management Consultancy Services Essay Example for Free

Management Consultancy Services Essay Following the Enron case and others, the place and role of professional advisers within corporate governance was thrown into public focus and as a result the professional management bodies across the world revisited their policies on various regulatory mechanisms. The policies formulated by Institute of Management Consultancy, United Kingdom is taken as a reference in the discussions below. The general principles are summarized. Self-regulation is best delivered through a modern, professional approach, i.e. through standards backed by disciplinary arrangements that are supported by external validation and a Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Guidelines that apply to all members. A framework is required at the organizational and individual level to ensure that clients are able to make an informed decision about their choice of consultancy advice. A sector-wide definition of management consultancy should be developed that will assist in a number of ways, including the debate around self-regulation, and be sufficiently flexible to accommodate new providers of consultancy. The sector-wide definition should be Management consultancy is the provision to management of objective advice and assistance relating to the strategy, structure, management and operations of an organization in pursuit of its long-term purposes and objectives. Such assistance may include the identification of options with recommendations; the provision of an additional resource and/or the implementation of solutions. The definition of a management consultant should be Management consultants are those organisations and/or individuals that participate in the process of management consultancy within a framework of appropriate and relevant professional disciplines and ethics designed for the activity of management consultancy. The principle of detailed technical regulation of management consultancy should be rejected and that the essential skills of consulting are primarily behavioral, stressing the importance of competences and ethical standards. Any regulatory regime requires a significant element of independence from the profession in terms of membership and operation. The option of a regulatory system that provides easily accessible information from clients on the performance of firms and individuals should be considered carefully. The global nature of consultancy means that the complexities of jurisdiction and applicable law need to be taken into account and the dangers of regulatory systems being used as restraints on trade or for the furtherance of the interests of trade blocs recognized. The question of the interaction of parallel regulatory systems needs to be explored thoroughly with a wide range of professional and trade bodies. Management consultancy is immensely competitive. Any self-regulatory regime must not fetter the ability of management consultants to compete for business, with the opportunities for other companies that they may bring. The Government does not have a formal role in regulating the profession of management consultancy. Its role is to encourage and support stakeholders in management consultancy, including clients and other institutes, to develop a system that protects users and enables the UK profession to compete in a global market. 2. PROFESSIONAL CONSULTANCY ORGANIZATIONS CHALLENGES Traditionally the state has awarded associations of professionals the privilege of self-regulation in return for an assurance that members abide by a set of standards and an ethical code of conduct to ensure protection of the public interest. As increasing levels of education and social awareness give rise to greater expectations traditional structures, rules and regulations are challenged and justification for privilege is questioned. The position of trade and professional bodies is also made more complex by the increasing demand from members for such bodies to defend them from these pressures. This representational role has to be balanced carefully against the public protection responsibility. The regulatory function itself is not without its pitfalls. They are cent red on ensuring that everyone in the market is covered, how any regulations are to be enforced and also possibly ensuring that restrictive trade practices legislation is not used against them. All such arrangements are potentially unstable and perhaps are held together predominantly by the fear of more onerous statutory regulation. But these difficulties are compounded in an international environment. The increasing globalization that result in emergence of a single market mean that the developments of rules and regulations concerning two issues competition amongst professionals and standardization of qualifications are of particular concern. But the profession is also global in nature and regulation has also to be seen in against a shifting pattern of international trading and political structures. One driver for change is seen as ..deregulation and privatization, combined with a gradual shifting of policy-making to the global level. If regulation is the key, what form should it take? It can be introduced at a number of levels, i.e. the activity (technical regulation); individuals (standards and qualifications); firms (the trade association model) or the profession as a whole (ethics and principles). All of them have their difficulties. Some believe that the accounting profession in the USA had the wrong approach, i.e. Based on strict adherence to rules, it inadvertently encouraged innovations of the worst kind; creative accounting. 3. SHOULD MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY BE REGULATED? There is, equally, the view that regulation is not needed at all. The market will regulate itself. This, of course, ignores that fact that business takes place within a societal framework and the view that the market is the ultimate regulator is, surely, flawed. It is based on the notion, sound in theory but questionable in practice, that the market is a perfect mechanism. Others suggest that the secret lies in the education of the client to make it an informed marketplace. It also has to balanced with the view that, if management consultancy wishes to be seen as professional, Professional awareness and behavior come when the early juggling with a little knowledge gives way to skilled application of a generally accepted body of knowledge according to accepted standards of integrity. It is also the case that the development of partnerships between clients and professional service firms (including investment by the latter in the former) may well limit the willingness of clients to shop around. The key question then is what is regulation for. In essence of course it is to ensure that the customers or stakeholders receive the goods and services that they need and that the suppliers claim to provide. In the case of management consultancy this must mean that clients receive the best possible advice to help them in taking their organizations forward. In a market dominated by a few global brands, it is about extending the transparency and extent of choice to enable clients to choose on the basis of expertise, quality of delivery and cost. It is also about balancing the need to extend these principles down from the firm to the individual and the costs of any system. The government view has been that good self-regulation coupled with demanding industry and people standards help companies compete in a global marketplace. When combined with effective self-regulatory systems and where appropriate supporting mechanisms exist to encourage good practice and resolve cross-border disputes, this development will reduce barriers and realize a single market worldwide. 4. STEP 1 IN REGULATAION WHO ARE MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS? A number of definitions have been developed in recent years. The following is a small selection: Management consultants are used first to provide wider additional expertise than is available within a single organization. Thus a change in production or marketing may require expertise in designing and implementing a new system. Secondly, management consultants are used to provide objective appraisals where it is often easier for the expert outsider to see the broader picture and recognize the long-term requirements. Thirdly, the management consultant may be needed to provide additional assistance where there is a temporary increase in the management workload. This may be to cope with a major change or new development in any area of management responsibility. The rendering of independent advice and assistance on management issues. This typically includes identifying and investigating problems and/or opportunities, recommending appropriate action and helping to implement those solutions. Management consulting is an independent professional advisory service assisting mangers and organizations in achieving organizational purposes and objectives by solving management and business problems, identifying and seizing new opportunities, enhancing learning and implementing changes. The term Management Consultancy applies when a firm is engaged for a definitive duration to undertake specific enquiries, conduct studies, identify options and make recommendations or give advice of a strategic nature relating to the organization, management and operation of [the organization] for consideration/implementation. These definitions or descriptions have a number of threads in common. They are concerned with management issues of a significant, although not necessarily strategic, importance. Secondly, they are concerned with the role of the expert outsider. Finally, they extend the role of management consultants beyond advice and into implementation. Taking these threads into account the Institute believes that the sector-wide definition should be Management consultancy is the provision to management of objective advice and assistance relating to the strategy, structure, management and operations of an organization in pursuit of its long-term purposes and objectives. Such assistance may include the identification of options with recommendations; the provision of an additional resource and/or the implementation of solutions. Some have raised the issue of whether, if the professional activity is defined, the role of the individual management consultant also needs to be placed within a definitional framework. 5. REGULATION WIDER ISSUES Conversely, it is likely to be the case that others, even if introduced for the best of reasons, may see any system of regulation, as a restraint of trade. The danger is that the introduction of any self-regulatory system may also require an accompanying increase in bureaucracy and industry overheads and that the perceived failure of any such system may provoke a call for statutory intervention. The potential costs of any regulatory regime, however light its touch, are also of concern when Government does not seem to appreciate the costs, whether financial or opportunity, that may arise. Additional administration for practices and activity by professional bodies require resourcing and, in many cases, it is practitioners who have to bear the burden. The reality is that management consultancy, like every other business, is immensely competitive. Any regulatory proposals must take into account the need for the consulting profession to retain flexibility to adapt to a new global and technology-driven world. While global practices dominate the market, internal consultancies within domestic companies are turning to external and, hence, foreign markets, for business and small practices in niche markets are also competing on a global stage. The key is responding to the needs of clients rather than a regulatory regime that will always be behind developments in the marketplace. 6. CODE OF ETHICS INSTITUTE OF MGMT CONSULTANTS, USA All IMC USA members pledge in writing to abide by the Institutes Code of Ethics. Their adherence to the Code signifies voluntary assumption of self-discipline. The Code specifies: Clients * Members will serve their clients with integrity, competence, and objectivity, using a professional approach at all times, and placing the best interests of the client above all others. * Members will establish realistic expectations of the benefits and results of their services. * Members will treat all client information that is not public knowledge as confidential, will prevent it from access by unauthorized people, and will not take advantage of proprietary or privileged information, either for use by them, their firm or another client, without the clients permission. * Members will avoid conflicts of interest, or the appearance of such, and will disclose to a client any circumstances or interests that might influence their judgment and objectivity. * Members will refrain from inviting an employee of an current or previous client to consider alternative employment without prior discussion with the client. Engagements * Members will only accept assignments which they possess the expertise to perform, and will only assign staff with the requisite expertise. * Members will ensure that before accepting any engagement a mutual understanding of the objectives, scope, work plan, and fee arrangements has been established. * Members will offer to withdraw from a consulting engagement when their objectivity or integrity may be impaired. Fees * Members will agree in advance with a client on the basis for fees and expenses, and will charge fees and expenses that are reasonable, legitimate and commensurate with the services delivered and the responsibility accepted. * Members will disclose to their clients in advance any fees or commissions that they receive for equipment, supplies or services they could recommend to their clients. Profession * Members will respect the individual and corporate rights of clients and consulting colleagues, and will not use proprietary information or methodologies without permission. * Members will represent the profession with integrity and professionalism in their relations with their clients, colleagues and the general public. * Members will report violations of this Code to the Institute, and will ensure that other consultants working on behalf of the member abide by this Code. The Institute of Management Consultants USA, Inc. (IMC USA) adopted its first Code of Ethics in 1968. Since that time IMC USA has modified the wording of the Code for additional clarity and relevance to clients. The current Code was approved February 22, 2002. It is consistent with the International Code of Professional Conduct published by the International Council of Management Consulting Institute (ICMCI) of which IMC USA is a founding member. Members who apply for the CMC (Certified Management Consultant) designation must pass a written examination on the application of the IMC USA Code of Ethics to client service. The CMC mark is awarded to consultants who have met high standards of education, experience, competence and professionalism. 7. CODE OF ETHICS THE GROUND REALITY This paper is based on an Ethics Survey conducted by the Institute of Management Consultants among American business consulting clients of IMC members who are Certified Management Consultants (CMCs). Results * Over-promising expected results and/or benefits (Nearly half of the respondents-46%) * Not serving the best interest of the client (32%) * Under-delivering results vs. commitment (31%) A high percentage of respondents40%indicated that they believe professional service firms would lie to protect themselves. Thirty-nine percent (39%) also indicated that they think employees would lie to protect themselves. Counterbalancing this, however, was the expression of 54% of the respondents who indicted that in a difficult situation, they believe employees will behave honorably. Half of the respondents also believe that professional service firms do place a high value on the welfare of the clients organization. It can therefore be concluded that while business executives believe that both employees and professional service firms do have an interest in the success and welfare of the organization/enterprise, they also feel that both groups would be inclined to act to protect their own interest or enhance their own position-an action which could inevitably be to the detriment of the enterprise. Two additional issues in which professional service firms can be faulted by business executives included: * Allowing the projects scope to expand/creep. (One-fourth of the respondents indicated this was happening frequently.) * Being imprecise or non-specific when setting expectations. (Only 19% indicated that this happens frequently, yet 68% indicated this occasionally happens.)

Effective Use Of Problem Solving Techniques Philosophy Essay

Effective Use Of Problem Solving Techniques Philosophy Essay It is our applied management syllabus in business management course. We were doing a project in this subject. We have to do that select any kind if business and find and identify a problem in that and then by using problem solving techniques make a solution for that identified problem. Before started it was looking a difficult job but when we did started it was making easy step by step. We had chosen DLF Construction Company. In this project we used many techniques. We used swot analysis and porter 5 forces to identify a problem .it all were included in our first assessment. In our second assessment we did a work on identified problem. We used cause and effects, 5 whys also in problem solving techniques. We got many solutions to solve it. Change in design and estimation skills we found to solve identified problem. In this project we selected DLF construction Ltd. It is an Indian construction company. When we were doing this project then it was necessary that our selected business should have any major problem. For eg. If we select Burger King. Then customer service is the main problem. And then we had to do that analyse the problem by using tools cause and effects. Then we had to need that find solutions by using problem solving techniques. There were so many solutions to solve the problem but we did search for some main solutions to get the decision. Problem indemnification We select DLF construction Ltd. Company to do our project. We did many researches to get more knowledge about this company. We used swot analysis and make a list about its strengths, weaknesses. Opportunities, and treats and porters 5forces to analyse the problem. We got in our search that estimation was the major problem in our selected company. This problem exist universally, estimation problem cause the profit of DLF group decline. Estimation is a very important practical work in construction project. Solutions:- When we were searching for suitable solutions, we used some problem solving techniques. We used 5 whys to get a perfect solution for identified problem. we used cause and effects and we got four factors which effect estimation problem. These four factors are:- Change in design. Inappropriate technology. Estimation skills. Documentations. When we were searching about solutions we also got some knowledge from our class. Because in our class our tutor also was helping us in our project. He discussed every groups project in every lecture one by one. We got so many different points of views from there. We got the cause documentations from our class. Strategies used to get solutions:- In our research about solution for DLFs estimation problem, we got DLF has some internal and some external factors by 5 whys, which can effect by change management. DLF have to do use change management in their business. It has to change design by analysing changes in design. It has to analyse estimation skills to solve poor estimation skill problem. When we were searching about estimation skills that what we have to do in this research or what kind of job has to have estimation skills? And the answer was estimator. Then, to understand estimation skill better we did search about estimator duties in construction in Googles search engine. We read so many entries; finally we picked up five entries. These five entries are:- The Responsibilities of a Construction Estimator[5] Construction Estimator Job Description[6] Construction Estimator Job description and activities[7] Construction Estimator Job Description [8](it is the same title with second entry, but they have different content). CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATOR CLASS CLASSIFICATIONSAN DIEGO CITY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION[9] We identified these all entries in our second assessment. We used 5 whys in estimation skills also. We got that company have to need to give prefer to experience staff, because old employees have better experience than new employees. DLF has to do check qualification of estimator every three years, make sure they have enough skills and their experience match with new technologies and industrial standard. Teams role Introduction:- We have group no.4.we are four members in our group. Our names are below:- Daljit Kaur (me). Liu Xiong. Kiran Gullapalli. Sukhwinder Kaur. In our group we all are hard worker and intelligent but Liu Xiong, he is a Chinese boy. He is very intelligent and smart in our group. So we select him as a leader of our group. He did such a real leadership role in our project. He is very helpful and kind person also. I have no internet at home and I have a baby also so I was unable to type my assessment but he did a great job me he and Kiran both typed our assessment. I am very thankful to them for this act of kindness. In our team we all did a good job in our project. We are four members in our team. We three are from India and one from china. We have different ethnic culture in our team. We got some problem to communicate with each other, because we are living so far to each other. So we make contact by phone to each other. We can also use internet but there is no internet at my home. And i was unable to go at internet cafe. On the other hand we did also many meetings after our classes also. It is our each team members role below:- Liu Xiong: he is our team leader. He is very smart and intelligent person of our team. We did all research by own and send it to him and then he select an appropriate research and type it .we can say he gave final touch to every commitment. He also made a chart about change management in our project. Kiran Gullapalli: He is very intelligent person. He told us about this company when we start our whole project. He gave us a lot of knowledge about their business. Sukhwinder: she is an intelligent girl. She did some good jobs in our project. She did business problem in our project. Daljit: its me. I did a better job in our project. I did many researches and made the part of change in design. I did very hard work in our project. A change can make best to any design and a change also can make failure to any design also. So it is very necessary that which change you are going to do, Make sure that it is best for your design. So I did this part of project with the help of my members also. On the other hand it was a great job which we did successfully in individual. Own role: when we did start our project we did contribute our assessment that who will do what. Kiran did first part of assessment. He did introduction and we all give him help in that. Second part was done by Liu Xiong.he did the main body. And we all give him our research and views. Third and last part is conclusion, which was done by me and Sukhwinder also. We did limitations, implication and summary. On the other hand it was a great job which we did successfully in individual. I got one thing from this job that team is a very good part or key to get solution of any problem. We can get knowledge from different minds. Because everyone have different point of view in their mind. It makes the easier to your work. I got more knowledge from my group members about business management during this project. As i mentioned that I have no internet at my home so we discussed this project in meeting at my colleges library. Because we all members are living far away to each other so we did all meetings after every class. It was two to three hours period every day. We debate some time during our project. Because when we discussed our researches then after that we find an appropriate answer for our project. I did really hard work in this project. I think internet is very necessary in this time. I feel that internet is the main key of any study during period. Without it we cant find any research about any project and we cant communicate with anyone also. So it is very necessary that if you want to do any study then it is necessary that you have internet at your home which you can use any time. Because sometime when you are at home anytime and you are thinking about your project then any ideas can come in your mind, for save you can type it and send to your group members and discus it at the moment also. May be it should be perfect for your project. Some time I also did many calls to my members but you cant expose your thoughts by wording every time. So we all did very hard work in this project. It was really an interesting job. I like it very much. I got so many different energetic ideas from our team work. I got team work can discover the advantage of success. I also discovered that even the simplest things on earth could be turned into something amazing if we put enough creativity and effort into working on them. In this assignment, we practiced using scientific method to solve a real problem. The process include Problem identified, Analyse the root factor, search solution for root factor and get integrated solution. Especially in the stage of analyse root factor, the 5 Why method was used to find root factors, before to do that i was thinking that it is really a hard job but after started it all questions were coming in front one by one. There were so many solutions make an appropriate solution for identified problem. We put all solutions together and then select a perfect solution for that. Review our assignment, we used Brainstorming and 5 Whys looking for solution, due to the limitations of Brainstorming and 5 Whys, our solution couldnt completely solve problem. E.g. in the stage of Brainstorming, although we listed some causes, but these causes cant cover all of the causes whilst we only chose two major causes to analyse, it leaded to information loss once again. When we were doing the 5 Whys, we found some solutions, but these solutions are still lock of details. In the real production actives, DLF need do more detailed work. On the other hand, our constructions experience affects the quality of solutions as well Recommendation:- After we finished our work, we learned that choose a good method is the first step to success, master the tool is a guarantee to success, besides these, gather information is also very important during the problem solving, more information you gathered more helpful to help you fix real problem. Team work is a good job .you can contribute your burden with whole team in it .It gives you different views to know something. It makes your path very easy. On the other hand team work has more interpersonal communication problem. We are three members from India and one from china. It makes us sometime difficult to understand him. When we did start our project then we all was unable to know anything about it. But after start it all things were coming in front one by one. It was not an easy job but now I can say it was a good and easy job. Our one member Sukhwinder, she was unable to do anything but we all give her help to do all projects researches. One time we were stuck in fish bone that how we can use it to identified the problem. We did so many things but finally we made a decision that we will not use it. So we use swot analysis and porters 5 forces in it. It was a good decision to make easier to our project. When we did start our project i was feeling unable to myself to do this project. I was so worried about my role that how could I do these all jobs. But now I am very happy with our jobs in whole project. I learned that every project has some weaknesses and some strengths and working with a group can help discover what they are. We faced many challenged in our project. It was a difficult job but now I can say if in future I will meet any problem like this with an individual work on it then I can face it very easily. Because this job make me able to face any problem very nicely. I can solve my problems with good skills. Now, I like challenges. I can prove my ability to do any project. I can make any change in design with confidence. I can handle any situation at any place because this assessment gives me a lot of skills to do any project within a group. It was a great opportunity to learn anything about applied management. If in future I will face same project, then i will not tensed like this. It will be easy for me. I can understand my all group members point of view easily because of this group assessment. I get more confidence after this project. I can expose myself and my feelings easily now. I can use my decision making skills easily, which are improved by this project. I can prove myself in similar project in future. I am interested in team work and I can make any decision with team project. In shortly i can say this project improve my decision making skills and problem solving skills also, which can help to find problem and then make a decision also.

Fighting Pharmacists, Fulfilling the Prescription Essay -- Morning Aft

Fighting Pharmacists, Fulfilling the Prescription In recent years there has been an influx of women receiving prescriptions for the postcoital pill (PCP) also known as the morning-after pill, Plan B, and a form of emergency contraception. Some pharmacists, however, are exercising their right not to fulfill patient’s prescription, based primarily on their personal values and morals. Amidst the negative overtones, women continue to take the morning-after pill in an effort to maintain their rights. â€Å"Timely access to emergency contraception is critical therefore any delay the woman might experience before taking the medication is unacceptable and places an undue burden on the woman,† said Patricia Conner, Emergency Contraception Campaign Organizer for Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts. The morning-after pill is the most common type of emergency contraception,and has become very widely used since being made available over the counter inthe United States. PCP can be taken any time up to 72 hours after unprotected sex. There are two types of PCP. The older type of PCP, which is no longer available, contained a combination of estrogen and progesterone. In order to produce the desired results it had to be taken in two doses, 12 hours apart. In February of 2000, the new PCP called Levonelle-2 was introduced. Levonelle-2 contains progesterone, and has been proven to be more effective than the old type of PCP. The new PCP can be taken in two doses at the same time, and manages to decrease side effects that are associated with the older form of PCP. Common side effects associated with the PCP pill include nausea, vomiting, lower abdominal pain, fatigue, headache, breast tenderness, and menstrual changes. According ... ... nurse. The nurse counsels on long-term birth control options and STD testing. Stress is given that long-term birth control is more effective in preventing pregnancy than emergency contraceptive is, and that emergency contraceptive does not protect against STDs. For years many have debated abortions, and distribution of emergency contraception is steadily taken president. Many ask themselves if it is appropriate for pharmacists to allow their personal opinion to be inflicted upon their customers. While others are content to believe that pharmacists are wrong, and that much of their decision-making, concerning emergency contraception, is based entirely on a lack of knowledge and understanding. â€Å"The morning-after pill saved me from myself. Without it I don’t know where I would be. It will be interesting to see what will happen next in this debate,† says Reese.

Televisions Positive Effects On Society Essay -- essays research paper

Television's Positive Effects on Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Marie Winn and her essay â€Å"The Plug-In Drug,† television has various negative effects on our society today. In her essay Winn explores the ways in which television has harmfully caused disruptions with the quality of family life, rituals, and values. She recognizes there is a problem with our society and the way in which it is consistently influenced by television. I am able to agree with Winn on this point, but I do not feel that the totality of the influence is negative. Television today has a lot of positive effects and influences on our society and our American culture. Television gives us helpful information, various forms of education, and entertainment which are all a part of the positive effects that television has on our society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On a day to day basis, the television keeps us informed with plenty of helpful information. We are informed through the television of the latest news, weather, and information which are important in our daily lives. The television often acts as an almanac, dictionary, and an eye into the world around us. It informs us of the most recent happenings around the world within seconds. Such as the O.J. Simpson trial, the Oklahoma City bombing, and the wars taking place in the Middle East. Through TV we can be warned about almost anything from a hurricane approaching to the fact that the stock market is falling. Th...

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

Slavery is an issue we may never be free of, we may think this is bad but the Romans including people such as Hammurabi and Aristotle believed that slavery was essential to life and would have thought that this wouldn't matter. This especially didn't matter since slaves were only seen as objects or tools. Although there are still people who probably believe in what the Romans did, but now we now classify all people as equal. Anyone could have become a slave if they either: 1. Committed a crime 2. Were a prisoner of war 3. Not have roman citizenship 4. Sold into slavery These were the most obvious reasons for becoming a slave in roman times and yet only one of these points are still popular for today and that is number 4, because most slaves of today come from poor families. It is the poorer class of people today that are the target mainly because they would be so desperate that they would sell their children into slavery for a small profit. Nowadays slavery is restricted to jobs in more remote locations for obvious reasons so you wouldn't find slaves working for or around the city, But rather in and around households in the country. Slaves back in roman times however were forced to work in the city and for anyone they were sold to. They had a huge range of jobs stretching from household slaves to field slaves and mining slaves to gladiators (Gladiators were created solely for the purpose of entertainment due to a lot more slaves). This was normal for Romans since they depended on slaves to do everything that they didn't want to do. Today some of them are given the very worst jobs like prostitution, work in factories, sugar cane fields and even private forms of work. As I stated before, it is mainly poor families that are somewhat involved in either been taken or sold into slave labor but it can also be people from several different racial backgrounds. Many come from places like China, Africa, Russia, South Africa and Egypt. In ancient times war was a popular place for capturing people to be sold into slavery this gave the army a lot of its money and power, what I am saying is that Romans captured merciless people and sent them back to their country. Hammurabi had a basis of discipline on the slave and also one on its master that the master be fair to his slave.

Old Spice Ad Analysis

December 11, 2012 Comp I Advertisement Analysis Advertisements come in various shapes, sizes, and mediums, and as humans, we are constantly surrounded by them. Whether they are on TV, radio, or in a magazine, there is no way that we can escape them. They all have their target audience for whom the advertisers have specifically designed the ad. When a company produces a commercial, their main objective is to get their product to sell. This is a multibillion-dollar industry and the advertisers study all the ways that they can attract their audience’s attention.The producers of advertisements have many tactics and strategies they use when producing an ad to get consumers to buy their product. These include things such as rhetorical appeals, logical fallacies, and â€Å"the male gaze. † The function of marketing is to either increase the number of customers or increase the rate of use among current customers. The number of customers can be increased by converting customers from competing brands, developing loyalty to the brand among current customers, or expanding the total market for the product class. The more ads they make, the more they in turn have to make in order to get our attention, it’s led to a vicious circle of clutter† (PBS Frontline: The Persuaders). Advertising is a battle of which company can fill up the most empty wall space. Consequently, cities turn into a mass chaos of posters and billboards. Subway tunnels have now been turned into moving pictures, to produce almost a â€Å"commercial† if you will. The buses themselves have been turned into moving billboards. Nowadays the thirty-minute block for a television show is about 15 minutes worth of advertisements and 15 minutes of the actual show.Along with that, many people are actually being paid to be an advertisement, whether it be standing out in front of a building with a sign, or putting a company decal on their car. Advertisements, likewise, cannot be escaped. However, often advertisers have to be sure and not â€Å"over do† their advertisements, or else the audience in which they are trying to appeal to will become annoyed. Old Spice, a major company for men’s hygienic products, has created a line of men’s body wash that has a very appealing and humorous advertising campaign.These ads are designed not only to get their product noticed in the marketplace, but also to eclipse other lines of men’s body wash. The Old Spice commercials imply that by using their product, a man will be or become more similar to the Old Spice man, or in other words, the ultimate man. The Old Spice advertisements capture men by reaching out to the needs of women, giving the ideal image of what a man should be and how he should smell, and by creating a sexual theme that attracts attention. The bottles used for all Old Spice products have red incorporated within the design.This is because red is the color of attraction. That is why red always surrounds Valentine's day. Red can also signify power and strength. The Old Spice design tries to go with a classic, authentic look. It wants to appeal to a variety of ages. It has a very sophisticated look (Keitel). In our society, an extremely smart and effective way of selling a product designed for men is to appeal to women. Women have many opinions on commercials that deal with men’s products, and if they like the commercials, they will be more apt to either buy the product themselves or influence the men they know to buy it.Advertisers not only use sexual appeals to attract attention to their ads, but to position their brands as sexual and to suggest that sex-related benefits can ensue to the brand purchasers. In Old Spice’s current ad campaign, there are a series of commercials using different actors and sports stars that are very fit and good looking to highlight their body wash. In the ad they use ex-NFL wide receiver Isaiah Mustafa, promoting elements of masculinity, sex appeal, and humor.In the ad, Mustafa is coming out of a shower dressed only in a towel, saying in a deep voice, â€Å"Hello, ladies†, and then continuing to talk directly to women viewers, telling them to look alternately at him and then the man sitting next to them for the implied comparison in which no normal man would come out very well. The commercial then continues with rapidly shifting scenes that show Mustafa in romantic fantasy–? like settings designed to appeal to women. He is shirtless on a sailboat at sunset, then holding tickets to â€Å"that thing you love†.The tickets then turn into diamonds, and finally then ad ends with Mustafa sitting shirtless on a white stallion on a tropical beach. The commercial’s appeal to women relies not only on the attractiveness of the actor and the settings, but to the humor that is based on the idea that such a perfect man can exist at all. Conversely, not only do these commercials reach out to women, but also there are men in the target audience and there is a message for them as well. These ads present an ideal image of how a man should be and what he should smell like.By using a good looking, fit, man for this advertisement, it gives the product an image that men want. The logical fallacy, ad populum, is present in this commercial. This ad almost shouts out the ideas that if you use the product you can look, smell, and be exactly like the man you see on your television. The Old Spice man, Mustafa, does everything better than you do and will give your woman more than you can give her. You can smell like the â€Å"ultimate man†, or as the slogan used in the ads says, â€Å"Smell like a man†.The ad makes a man react emotionally and appeal directly to his masculinity, vanity, and even his insecurity in being able to impress, attract, and keep women happy. This ad also portrays the idea of â€Å"scopophilia†. Scopophila is known as the pleasure in lo oking; by this, women want to have a pleasure in looking at their man, and the only way that will happen is if he uses Old Spice. In addition to appealing to women’s tastes and a man’s emotional need to smell like a manly man and attract a woman, this commercial uses the old reliable advertising strategy – sex sells.A sexually themed commercial can appeal to both men and women, and is sure to attract attention. Men and women are often portrayed in a sexual manner in ads of products that have absolutely nothing to do with sex itself. However, the sexiness of the advertisement causes people to remember the ad, and thus the product. This sexiness in advertising is enhanced and affected by the physical attributes of the models, their movement or actions, their interactions if there is more than one model, and the special effects provided by the camera.The desired result is achieved, because of the sexual nature of the ad, a fit and good-looking man talking directly to women in a seductive voice and in a romantic location. People, both men and women, stop what they are doing and watch. Sex can make the beholder feel young again. Sex may also reassure men of their masculinity and women of their femininity. The sexual content of the commercial also does more than grab people’s attention, it helps them remember the ads.The Old Spice ads are successful because they make an impression on people and lead to discussions with other people who have seen them. The advertisers do have to be careful with the use of sex appeal in these ads. If the sexual content is overdone, it might not work as intended. They need to make sure that people are not so distracted by the sexual appeal of the ad that they do not remember what the ad was for in the first place. It does not do any good to create a sensual or sexual message when all they can remember is the image and not the brand name.Therefore, advertisers need to make sure the sexual/sensual image being used is connected in some way to the product or service being promoted. This will create a link between the two and make the viewer much more likely to remember the product or service being advertised. When making a sexual ad, producers must tailor the message to the people they are targeting, which includes understanding the audience’s feelings and beliefs on public sexuality. Women have a different viewpoint on the subject of sexual appeal in advertisements.The objectification of women in advertising campaigns has significant psychological implications. It socializes women to think of them in the manner in which they are depicted, and causes them to engage in self-objectification. When women view advertisements featuring thin female models, it causes them to think that their own bodies should also be thin, creates anxieties relating to their weight, appearance, body satisfaction, and creates a negative mood. Thus, their body image causes them to suffer emotionally and psych ologically.Bordo states in her essay, â€Å"Today, as many as one million men – and eight million women – have an eating disorder. † Perhaps, by buying the advertised items, the viewing audience of women believes they will instantly become taller, thinner, younger, and prettier. This is not the same psychological effect experienced by women who view ads with female models of average proportions, or with no female models at all. Objectification of women in advertisements and emphasis on the size of their breasts has created a society of cosmetically enhanced, large-breasted women.Their self-image is predicated on the media's portrayal of a desirable woman. In order to have high self-esteem, and see themselves as attractive and valued women, many females feel this enhancement is necessary. Most human consumption is a result of a drive to satisfy sensuous desires. Advertising uses sexual images to encourage this consumption. People become dissatisfied with their im perfect selves, and seek to become perfect by buying the sexually charged products. Sex is an easy way to get the attention of males and make a product seem desirable.Women are objectified, and men are swayed to purchase the product and as a reward, get the women. The women represented in these ads are all beautiful and physically well endowed. Men are stimulated by the immediate physical sexuality in the ads, whereas women seem to be more stimulated by the sexuality for the romantic aspect of it. Men want to get the women. Women want the sexuality for the promise of the future. There seems to be no question that the use of sexuality in advertising helps to sell a product.However, when sexuality is used, the concept is true that there is greater consumer interest in observing the ads. This increased consumer interest often leads to the purchase of the advertised product. Works Cited Bordo, Susan. â€Å"Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body†. Writing Analytically with Reading. 2n d ed. EDS. Rossenwasser, David and Jill Stephen. Boston: Wadsworth, 2012. 821-843. Print. Keitel, Victoria. â€Å"Old Spice Analysis. † Personal. PSU. n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012 Rushkoff, Douglas. â€Å"The Persuaders. † PBS Frontline. 9 Nov. 2004. Web. 11 Nov. 2012

Humanism and the Meaning of Life Essay

In his fragment What is sympatheticism, Fred Edwords explains mankindism as a fount of philosophy that emphasizes reason, scientific inquiry, and human fulfillment in the natural world, and much rejects the importance of belief in God. He describes the different categories of secular humanitarianism that argon commons and the beliefs they hold. In Richard Taylors The Meaning of t iodine, aspects argon given on where marrow comes from in feeling if a pith is blush present. He searchs the story of Sisyphus to beautify how a bearing could be hollow and then explores the idea that every twenty-four hour period support today is ultimately marrowless as well.The degree to which the term by Taylor fits the verbal description of Humanism in the Edwords piece is to a pretty good degree. M either of the ideas near humanism that Edwords poses in his piece gleam in the way Taylor explored the nitty-gritty of expressions in his article. Edwords describes humanism with a call of prefigures, the outset being that a humanist isnt afraid to challenge and explore any ara of thought. Generally, the meaning of smell is a topic that has the tendency to scare off many people away imputable to the nature of inquiry required to even scratch the surface of any coif to the question. therefore, Taylor fits that aspect of humanism since his goal in his work was to explain his ideas on the field in a well thought out manner. Edwords second tier is that humanism digestes on human means for comprehending humankind with no claim to take over any type of transcendent knowledge, and another unmatched of his points is that humanism is a philosophy of desire. These points are evident in Taylors article as he tries to make disposition of life using rational imagination to approach each side of the topic. other one of Edwords points is that humanism is more have-to doe with with the here and now rather than life later death. Taylors main focus was touch ing on meaningless in life and obtaining contentment in any(prenominal) one finds themselves doing in life. There wasnt much to say close life after death, so this point stands true in Taylors article. Edwords outline point in his list was that humanism is a philosophy for those in dear with life. The way he described this point is very relatable to Taylors article in that Taylor didnt want to settle with prefabricated answers, alone now instead dove into the open-endedness that comes with trying to demote the meaning of life.Taylor fits into the category of Modern Humanism as described by Edwords. Edwords explained that this sectionalization of Humanism rejects all supernaturalism and relies primarily upon reason and science, democracy and human compassion. The points close humanism described in the prototypal paragraph above were labelled as what the Modern Humanist philosophy is boutive in Edwords writing. So throughout Taylors article, he showed a good underwrite of the qualities Edwords described for a modern humanist. Taylors positon on the question of the meaning of life does seem like a Humanist-type position.Taylor explored a broad topic that could have an unmeasured spectrum of different answers and wasnt afraid to plunk d feature into the controversial issues associated with it. He was in hobby of finding new knowledge and share it with his readers. He was also very realistic and looked at things from a logical standpoint. Taylor explains that our beds could have meaning if we have a dainty and unappeasable desire to be doing just what we find ourselves doing (this is what he says of Sisyphus, which could also be applied to us). Our life wouldnt be changed, unless it would still have a meaning.He says it is irrational because the desire itself would be only the product of substance in our veins, and not any that reason could discover, but a meaning nevertheless. Taylor also looked into the variety between us and other animated beings like insects in New Zealand caves, for instance. He explained that we are conscious of our activity. Our goals are things of which we are at least partly aware and can therefore in any(prenominal) sense appraise. Men have a history as other animals do not, such that each generation does not precisely resemble all those before.The meaning of life comes from the things to which we bend our backs day after day once we realize one by one our ephemeral plans are precisely the things in which our forgets are deep involved and precisely the things in which our interests lay. The day is sufficient to itself, and so is the life. A human being no sooner draws its first breath than he responds to the ordain that is in him to live. He no more asks whether it will be worthwhile or whether anything of importation will come of it. The point of his documentation is simply to be living, in the manner that it is his nature to be living.Edwords looks at publications from other humanist s that explain, for example, that humanism teaches that it is immoral to time lag for God to act for us. Humanists believe that the office lies within a person to prepare what kind of world they will live in. One must take it upon themselves to act upon what they deem correct and desirable. Edwords essentially give tongue to that life could have a type of meaning, and basically pointed towards the meaning of life being whatever you make of it. The meaning comes from your own actions and intents.You have the right to choose whatever path you see fit and act freely, to open new doors and accomplish not bad(p) things. Edwords description is similar to what Taylor said closely the meaning of life. Taylor explained that if you love what you are doing, you will feel like you were made to do that, therefore creating meaning in your life. Edwords explains it in a similar way that meaning in your life comes from your heart basically. some(prenominal) you are passionate about becomes what your life is about, and that is essentially the meaning you will find in your life.

Photography Research Paper

Section I A. economize the name c anying of all the picture taking and picture taking-related c beers that you ar aware(predicate) of. Wedding photography, Under-water photography, Sports photography, General photo careers. B. Then do a preliminary research and de cash in ones chipsr the names of at least 5 more photography-related careers. commercial message photography Portrait and family photography Pet, Animal and wild life photography Police, Law enforcement and criminal forensic imaging photography looker photography C. Next, pick three of these careers and write three questions you go through well-nigh each. Portrait and family photography- What put one acrosss a great family photo?What composition techniques are roughly big when considering family photos. Is Family photography a advantageously salaried telephone circuit? is it popular? Underwater Photography- What equipment is recomended for use semiaquatic. What is your favored object to fruit pictures of on a lower floor-water. What scraps are presented when taking photos under-water. gossamer Photography- How do you film pictures from an aerial view? what methods are apply to get higher up? What makes for a darling stay on d declare from an aerial view? How more property would an aerial photographer make ordinarily? Section II A. Marine lensman This job entails taking pictures under water. This job includes taking pictures semiaquatic exploitation either SCUBA or un-maned rovers with cameras. -Education and culture requirements would include being SCUBA certified or certified to do whatever kind of nose dive needed to take the pictures. -The salary for a leatherneck photographer in California is between 40, and 50,000$ -As an underwater photographer you are taking pictures of marine life for either research and survey purposes or evidently to capture the beauty found in the ocean. Aerial Photographer Taking photos from top views such as pictures from an airpla ne looking down. Training for this job includes a Four year degree, you essential specialize in photography, Flight training is required as strong as on-the-job sky photography training. -Salary for this pillowcase of photographer ranges from 50,000 200,000. -As an aerial photographer you may perish your time personally contracting your survey or taking pictures for a specific company. These photos may be used for Survey purposes or they may be per-request by a single person. This would be a difficult job to get into as it requires such(prenominal) training and experience. Portrait and family photography These photographers take pictures of flock, families, places, or events. photographers require a good eye for a picture and have excellent technical and photographic skills. They must have good communication and masses skills. Photographers must be good with computer programs such as photoshop and be commercially aware and good at marketing themselves. -Salaries for family photographers range between 12,000 and 50,000 a year or more. -These photographers may fall under a specialized type of photography centre on family photographery or they may be superior general photographers taking a wide aray of pictures including portrait and family photography. B.Marine Photographer response from Robert Bailey Hi there, thanks for the kind dustup happy to dish out. How long have you been into photography? Since 1990, Ive eer been kindle in photography since the age of 10 and when I likewisek up diving there was no question that I would be taking a camera in the water to bring patronise the amazing scenes and show large number my discoveries. How did you get your offset printing in photography? As a nestling I always had the idea I would earn care to draw and was complete crap I picked up a camera one day and recognise I could express my artistic self done a camera.Ive never looked back. I remember the graduation time someone referred to me as an artist as being very significant. What are your key interests indoors the business? Although I am not a professional my relieve oneself has been published, and I have worked intermittantly on professional projects on land and underwater. I young man with a quite a few professionals. I am always interested to see what cheat ons in the market. Youd be surprised by what sells, opposed to what people standardised to hang on their walls. Pricing yourself in the market is important. Many pros complain people give their images away and devalue the market.I am always interested in what companies are willing to pay for. I often consult with professionals before I sell images to magazines. Where do you do nigh of your work? The bulk of my work is done in UK waters. I live and work in the UK so it makes sense to take advantage of all the area has to offer. I do work overseas periodically, but I pick out cooler climates. One goal I have is to dive under sea ice in the Arctic, or Antarct ic. What do you enjoy most about this type of photography? Being underwater is like no other milieu, theres no distraction with officious phones, and people talking.I like the challenge of being qualified to dive in harsh milieus and show people the beauty, especially in the UK, as many a(prenominal) feel its often dark and gloomy and theres no colour. What is the most important amour to remember to get a good image? The single most important element in getting a good underwater picture is to get exclude to your subject, mainly a maximum of three feet for most subjects, sometimes inches away. It depends on the size of the subject you are shooting. obviously a 30 foot basking shark is unlike than a one inch shrimp.The other thing is all about assureing light, whether you are using artificial light,, or natural light, or balance the two. The next thing to consider is the background and whether the subject is accessible or not. We try very secure as underwater photographers to not damage the environment for the sake of a picture. What is your favorite photograph of your own and wherefore? I dont have one busy favourite. This changes all the time as the obsession to keep creating new material. I like the close up pictures of Lemon sharks I have done in black and white. There are so many others, hard to produce really.Some the ones which has won national competitions are no longer my favourites as I figure I can do better now. What types of equipment would you preach for use under-water? My wife shoots with a Canon S95 and a simple housing, and make great pictures. I use a Nikon D300, Inon Z240 Strobes, and a variety of lenses. My my most used lenses are the Nikkor 60 mm macro for close up and small subjects. For wide angle work I use a Tokina 10-17mm. Id like to evince good pictures are not about the equipment, its all about the photographer. People often look at a good image and say you must have a good camera.This isnt the case. The camera is a the tool, the photogapher is the craftsman. You dont have to spend a lot of money to get good pictures. You have to invest the time, understand the local conditions, and know your subject. What is your favorite object to take pictures of under water? There are too many to list. I like sharks, shrimps, seals, sea slugs, fish, divers, wrecks when the visibleness permits. What challenges are presented when taking photos under-water? First of all, we arent designed to be underwater. We are land creatures. So the first challenge is you need to be a skilled diver.All your equipment, bouyancy determine in the water, air management needs to be spot on, otherwise you will never make a good image. Then theres the currents, tide, visibility, the cold, and the weather. Then theres the subject, most of which are always moving, and hardly ever where you insufficiency them, when you want them. I can honestly say making pictures underwater is probably more gainsay than any other environment. I think this is why I am so obsessive about doing it, its not easy. I really hope this helps you. Am happy to discuss further after work of course. If you need some images I will help you out. Dont hesitate to call me.Regards, RB How I make up Robert Bailey I found Robert Bailey on UnderwaterPhotography. com C. Underwater photography as a career in photography seems like the most interesting choice. I am currently a diver and find I am most comfortable while in the water. The best thing about capturing an image of a diver in clear water is the circumstance that it looks as though the diver is flying. This is an unnatural environment for humans and can be dangerous and to be able to capture the beauty in it is amazing. Bibliography universal resource locator (www. robertbaileyphotography. com). Robert Bailey, 11-27-12 Bailey, Robert. Underwater photographer. 11-27-12

Lb160 Etma 01

LB160 eTMA 01 abridgment of matter arna on Brompton Bicycles Brompton Bicycles, prognosticate this class they pass on trade in 19,000 crimp bikes with winnings of ? 925,000 onwards value save they innovation to to hike take to 50,000 bikes a course with a ? 1million action regenerate and a bear-sized sales press tapersed foreign. The social club is cognisant they choose to represent satisfying sales addition both in the Uk and overseas if they wishing to rest a opp geniusnt in the sporting increase world-wide market, merely they start out encountered difficultys much(prenominal) as energy and backward end product quantify along with patents which discontinue 8 historic period ago.Although they ar liquid cover by feignright separate competitors ass copy the invention. on that point is in like manner the problem of be found in capital of the United Kingdom so the familiarity does not attain from the pitiful affiance menta l synthesis of Taiwan, where 80% of bikes atomic number 18 make. Brompton are defiant to move as they crap had to tag c neglect of its 85 ply in particularised skills.Brompton are agonistical in some other speak to areas as they harbour unplowed changes to their bikes nominal over the retiring(a) 20 yrs so consent been competent to assign in tools and alone their earlier selling has been by means of countersignature of mouth, which they do train to focus on in the future. Although competitors whitethorn differentiate on fibre and undersell them on price, abide year one competitor made 350,000 bikes, Brompton believes in plan ethos and producing bikes which are make to furthermost so does not deprivation to retire mickle of the type of their bikes and stupefy a mainstream dealer, as this would lose its appeal.

La Misma Luna Review

La Misma Luna reappraisal The inaugural paper I recollect of when it numbers to the characterisation La Misma Luna is risky things come in mild packages. Carlos is order old age old, besides he is driven to f e very last(predicate) guy the Mexico gross profit to begin his commence. tightfittingly niner family olds argon snap on what cipher they compulsion to garble a entirelyting, not Carlos. I matte up rightfully stirred by what Carlos is exhausting to accomplish. Carlos comes crossways legion(predicate) obstacles on his jaunt to his mother. He ultimately comes across Enrique, who turns into his cargo hold up buddy, and saves him many times. I in truth extol Enrique for all he did for Carlos.Although he cute to fall in Carlos numerous times, Enrique stayed by his side, safekeeping him from peril. I happen equal I am dear about resembling Enrique for the detail of how he helps Carlos. I am eternally component part people, whether I cr dischargee on with them, or even out give c be them, Im ceaselessly there to help. I overly advert to Enrique because of his determination. He is just a handle(p) Carlos, located to retrieve hold his mother (Carlos. ) to fetchher they go by many struggles, sleeping on set benches, conclusion dirt cheap diffused jobs, barley devising sufficiency property to eat and sleep. notwithstanding they bequeath do any(prenominal) it takes to pass off her.I am headstrong like them when it comes to basketball. I am to a fault voluntary to deed as tight as I shoot to win, start, score, and take to the woods as a good deal as I suffer tooth. Enrique protected Carlos from danger numerous times. This brings me to my next theme, that you can do anything you upchuck your creative studyer to. When Carlos was running(a) in the tomato plant factory, he virtually got caught and I was very shake at this point. He didnt think for a atomic number 16 he was deviat ion to get caught. He hid himself in crates of tomatoes and waited. either during the word picture, whatever he puts his legal opinion to, he does.The near manifest goal Carlos well-be realized was decision his mother. He walked the streets of Los Angeles smell for the supernumerary corner, with the pizzeria, Laundromat, troupe store, and murals on sides of buildings. That is certain determination. save this shows original fearlessness of Enrique. He could contrive considerably leftfield Carlos behind, for him to get caught. besides he didnt and that is something to insure up to. rightful(a) familiarity and heroism is what makes this film so special. Without Enrique staying beside Carlos, no content how mocking he got the movie wouldnt waste been the akin.Without Enrique, Carlos would believably nurse gotten kidnapped, or put together by the law and displace back to Mexico. Its align familiarity for Enrique to discombobulate his coffee bean at the patrol when they had a hold of Carlos. Carlos was accordingly fitting to escape, but it was not the equivalent for Enrique, and I have a olfactory sensation he knew that when he threw the cup. The logical implication of the human activity is that no proceeds the keep mingled with Carlos and his mother, they were incessantly close to to each one other. They are under the same corn liquor no yield what.